了克服DCS系統(tǒng)的技術瓶頸,進一步滿足現(xiàn)場的需要,現(xiàn)場總線技術應運而生,它實際上是連接現(xiàn)場智能設備和自動化控制設備的雙向串行、數(shù)字式、多節(jié)點通信網(wǎng)絡,也被稱為現(xiàn)場底層設備控制網(wǎng)絡（INFRANET）。和Internet、Intranet等類型的信息網(wǎng)絡不同,控制網(wǎng)絡直接面向生產(chǎn)過程,因此要求很高的實時性、可靠性、資料完整性和可用性。為滿足這些特性,現(xiàn)場總線對標準的網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議作了簡化,省略了一些中間層,只包括ISO/OSI7層模型中的3層：物理層、數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和應用層。
現(xiàn)場總線在發(fā)展的初,各個公司都提出自己的現(xiàn)場總線協(xié)議。IEC組織于1999年12月31日投票,確定了8大總線作為國際現(xiàn)場總線標準,其中包括CANBus、ProfitBus、InterBus-S、ModBus、FOUNDA-TIONFieldbus等等。而在此基礎上形成了新的現(xiàn)場總線控制系統(tǒng)（FieldbusControlSystemFCS）。它綜合了數(shù)字通信技術、計算機技術、自動控制技術、網(wǎng)絡技術和智能儀表等多種技術手段,從根本上突破了傳統(tǒng)的“點對點”式的模擬信號或數(shù)字———模擬信號控制的局限性,構成一種全分散、全數(shù)字化、智能、雙向、互連、多變量、多接點的通信與控制系統(tǒng)。相應的控制網(wǎng)絡結構也發(fā)生了較大的變化。FCS的典型結構分為3層：設備層、控制層和信息層。
雖然現(xiàn)場總線技術發(fā)展非常迅速,但也存在許多問題,制約其應用范圍的進一步擴大。
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